This study provides a comprehensive analysis of diabetic macular edema (DME) research from 2012 to 2022, utilizing data from the Web of Science Core Collection. A total of 5,165 publications were examined through CiteSpace and VOS viewer for their spatiotemporal distribution, authorship, subject classification, topic distribution, and citation impact. The findings highlight a consistent growth in DME research, with the United States leading in publication output. Wong Tien Yin from Tsinghua University emerged as the most prolific author. The journal “Retina, the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases” was noted for its significant contribution to the field. The study identified “Mechanisms of macular edema: Beyond the surface” as a highly cited article, while “Aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema” received the highest co-citation frequency. Research trends focus on treatment, diagnosis, pathogenesis, etiology, and epidemiology of DME, with deep learning gaining prominence for its analytical capabilities. This analysis underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and international cooperation in advancing DME and ophthalmology research.