This study investigates the neurocognitive outcomes in children with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis 5 years after undergoing surgical treatment. It involved a retrospective review of 112 patients, with the majority undergoing strip craniectomy and a smaller group receiving other forms of surgical treatment such as distraction osteotomy or craniofacial reconstruction. The study utilized the Korean Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Fourth Edition (K-WPPSI-IV) for neurocognitive assessment. Key findings include:

– The mean age at surgery was significantly younger for the strip craniectomy group compared to other surgical treatments.
– Patients with involvement of 2 or more sutures or evidence of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) were more likely to undergo more extensive surgical procedures.
– Significant factors influencing Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) included age at neurocognitive testing, increased ICP, and maternal education level, while the type of surgery and number of sutures involved did not.
– Neurocognitive outcomes were generally favorable across different types of sutures, with no significant difference in FSIQ among the suture groups within the strip craniectomy patients.

Importance: This study highlights that certain clinical factors, rather than the type of surgery or the number of sutures involved, are significant predictors of neurocognitive outcomes in children with craniosynostosis. The findings suggest that early intervention and addressing factors like increased ICP could be crucial for improving neurocognitive development, emphasizing the need for long-term follow-up to fully understand the impact of craniosynostosis on neurocognitive function.