This article provides a comprehensive overview of the management strategies for neuropathic pain in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the central nervous system. The review highlights both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to address the complex challenge of MS-related neuropathic pain, which arises from myelin damage. Pharmacological treatments discussed include cannabinoids, muscle relaxants (e.g., tizanidine, baclofen, dantrolene), anticonvulsants (e.g., benzodiazepines, gabapentin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine), antidepressants (e.g., duloxetine, venlafaxine, tricyclic antidepressants), opioids (naltrexone), and botulinum toxin variants, supported by evidence from clinical trials. Non-pharmacological options cover neurosurgical methods for trigeminal neuralgia, alongside non-invasive methods, physical therapy, and psychotherapy techniques (cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and mindfulness-based stress reduction) for broader neuropathic pain management. The review underscores the importance of tailoring treatment to individual patient needs, considering the pain’s severity, type, patient preferences, and comorbidities. It calls for ongoing research and development of more effective management strategies for MS-induced neuropathic pain, highlighting the current limitations in treatment efficacy and the potential for adverse side effects.