Explore the cutting-edge advancements in kidney xenotransplantation that are poised to revolutionize the future of organ transplants and offer new hope to patients on waiting lists.
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Developments in kidney xenotransplantation.
Xu et al., Front Immunol 2023
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1242478
The minireview focuses on the advancements in kidney xenotransplantation, particularly from an immunological standpoint. It highlights the significant progress made in overcoming hyperacute and acute rejection, which has historically been the primary obstacle in xenograft survival. The successful trials of α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout porcine kidneys in 2021 have reinvigorated research interest in this area. The review discusses the identification of critical xenoantigens, the role of co-stimulatory signal inhibition, the impact of gene-editing technologies, and strategies for inducing immune tolerance.
Importance: The review underscores the potential of immunological advancements, including immunometabolism, to enhance the long-term success of kidney xenografts. This is crucial for patients with end-stage renal disease, offering hope for alternative treatment options beyond human organ transplantation.
Contribution to Literature: The review consolidates current knowledge on the immunological challenges and solutions in kidney xenotransplantation, setting the stage for future research that could transform the treatment of renal failure.