CSF fistulas folks, they’re a rare thing, very rare. They’re found in the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus, a very specific place. Now, we’re talking about a frequency of 7.7% among all leaks of the skull base. That’s not a lot, but it’s significant, very significant.

We’ve got 3 clinical cases here, three real-life examples of patients with this spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak. And guess what? They’ve been treated, surgically treated, with two different approaches – transsphenoidal and transpterygoid. Different methods, different results.

But here’s the kicker, the real deal – the success of the plastic surgery for these CSF fistulas, it doesn’t depend on the type of endonasal surgical approach. No, it’s all about the quality of the plastic and the preoperative level of CSF pressure. That’s what matters, that’s what makes the difference.